Effect of freeze-thaw disturbance on soil C and N dynamics and GHG fluxes of East Asia forests: review and future perspectives

In forest ecosystems of East Asia region, soil freeze-thaw events occur normally in the field, which may affect carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. Due to influence Asian monsoon, forests usually have sufficient rainfall summer varying precipitation autumn. addition, they are most likely experience changes freezing thawing caused by reduction winter snowfall under background warming. This can some extent interannual variations GHG fluxes dissolved organic (DOC) N leaching this region. review summarized recent results on C associated with events, according laboratory field measurements soils mostly Asia. Upon disturbance, concentrations matter (DOM) inorganic were increased microbial properties such as biomass activity enzymes would be changed forests, was dependent temperature duration freezing, frequency, moisture. Fewer studies reported that disturbance quantity, components, stability DOM released into varied moisture, litter input addition. To date, there been relatively fewer nutrient climate change conditions. Long-term measurement should needed explore effects its interaction autumn human (e.g., deposition management) annual net balance during years precipitation. is indeed useful predict more precisely of, feedbacks